when you swallow food it travels througha tube called the esophagus the esophagus lead into the stomachthrough a hole in a sheet of muscle called the diaphragm there's around muscle at the bottom ofthe esophagus that works like a valve the muscle relaxers when you swallowallowing food to pass into the stomach certain cells in your stomach calledproton pumps release acid to help digest the food thelining of your stomach protected from the acid
the esophagus has a different type oflining which looks like it's made of smooth tiles the valve is designed to close tightlyafter you swallow so nothing comes back into the esophagusyour diaphragm is also meant to pinch securely around the esophagus closing of the opening to your stomach it's normal for a small amount of acidto occasionally splash into the esophagus this is called reflux that word means
flowing back a small amount of reflux doesn't usuallycause any harm but if acid splashes up into theesophagus over and over again for years theesophagus can be damaged there are several reasons this mighthappen it's not uncommon for the valve to become weaker so it doesn't close tightly that allows acid in partially digested food to comeup into the esophagus sometimes the diaphragm weakens aroundthe esophagus
allowing the whole to become larger thishole is called the hiatus when it becomes larger part of the stomach may-bowles throughit this is called a hiatal hernia the hernia may cause the esophagus andthe valve to move up in that case the diaphragm is no longerreinforcing the valve that makes it more likely that assetwill get into the esophagus when acid and food splash up into theesophagus repeatedly it's called gastroesophageal refluxdisease or gerd gastro for the stomach orgastric system
is suffer jheel for the esophagus formany people gastroesophageal reflux disease or gerdcauses nothing more than occasional discomfort and other symptoms heartburn and acid regurgitation it'spossible however for stomach acid to damage sum up thecells in a tissue at the esophagus this is called reflux esophagitis i dismeans inflamed when this occurs certain foods anddrinks may cause a burning sensation as they go down the esophagus sometimesthe damaged cells turn into another typeof cell
this process is called met a pleasure in the case of intestinal metaplasia the cells become more like a type oftissue found in the intestines the cells may do this to protectthemselves and the esophagus from acid sometimes intestinal metaplasia occurswhere the esophagus joins the stomach the cardia when you have intestinalmetaplasia up the cardia tissue at the very top of the stomachhas changed it might be the part of the stomach thathas bowled through the hiatus intestinal metaplasia the cardia is notgenerally considered a problem
if intestinal metaplasia the cardio isdiagnosed typically no treatment or follow-up isrequired except for the usual treatments for gerd symptoms there are things you can do to help getsome relief from the symptoms of reflux the problem is acid splashing from yourstomach into your esophagus through a valve thatis not working properly when you fill your stomach to fall youput pressure on that valve from below so it's helpful to eat smaller meals youalso put pressure on the valve when you push in your waist
wear clothes that are loose around yourwaist being overweight also puts pressure on the valve talkwith your healthcare provider about how to be at a healthy weight for you exercisehelps with weight control among many other benefits but vigorousexercise can cause heartburn or an episode of reflux especially ifyou do it soon after eating the solution is to exercise regularly but choose activities in which you stayupright such as right a bike gravity can cause acid in semidigested food to flow from your stomach
toward your esophagus avoid bending over or lying down soonafter eating don't eat in the last three to fourhours before you go to bed you can make gravity work for you byraising the head of your bed don't just use pillows to raise yourhead you need to angle your entire body you only need to raise the head of yourbed by a small amount too great an angle can put stress on theveins in the legs you might put small blocks under thehead of your bed if you can do so safely
certain foods and drinks relax the valvemaking it easier for acid to splash into the throat these include fatty foods fried foods alcohol and mint anything with caffeinerelaxes the valve such as coffee tea soft drinks and some energy drinks chocolate also hascaffeine avoid these things as well that doesn'tmean you can never have them but have them in moderation try not toeat or drink any of these things four hours beforelying down there are many reasons to
stop smoking and even more if you have reflux smokingincreases the production of stomach acid and your risk of esophageal cancer ifyou use tobacco ask your health care provider for helpin quitting now certain medications may help reduce thesymptoms of reflux over-the-counter antacids soak up acid in the stomach they may providequick temporary relief from heartburn but ifyou need to take these more than twice a week
you may need something strongermedications called h2 blockers prevent a chemical calledhistamine from causing stomach acids to beproduced medications called proton pumpinhibitors are stronger and longer lasting than h2 blockers proton pump inhibitors or ppi turn of the proton pumps thatproduce acid your stomach will still have enough acidto digest food but less acid to splash into youresophagus a proton pump inhibitor can be
very effective but only if you take it correctly thismedication must be taken on an empty stomach wait twenty to sixty minutes then eatsomething that turns on your proton pumps whichallows the medication to turn them off for example you might take themedication when you first get up in the morning wait 20 minutes to an hour then eatbreakfast it's important to take the ppi every day
your body needs to build up and maintaina certain level at this medication for it to be fully effective talk with your healthcare provider aboutthe most appropriate typeof medication for you.
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